It was a great pleasure for me (Christelle Guibert) to chair at the CPLF (congrès de pneumologie de langue française) on the 2026, the session from the RESPIRenT group. It was entitled « interférence par ARN (microARN et ARN interférents) : deux prix NOBEL, mais pour quelles applications thérapeutiques ? » Thank you to Jeanne Leblond-Chain (Bordeaux), Bernard Mari (Sofia Antipolis) and Sébastien Pfeffer (Strasbourg) for their excellent didactique and complementary presentations in the field.